A smart city is defined as a government and companies to develop urban services and improve the quality of life (QOL) for residents by challenging toward city issues through utilizing the latest technology such as information and communication technology (ICT). Scholars and experts have explored the definition and concept of smart city along focusing on technology, data, and urban governance.
According to Ahvenniemi et al. (2017), a smart city is defined as cities or urban areas that have been introducing innovative technologies and data to improve the service and QOL. Furthermore, the general goal of the smart city is to support the idea of a sustainable environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions with the help of technology. It also emphasizes the importance of smart city development by considering a citizen-centric approach, promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship.
The concept of a smart sustainable city has emerged as a result of three important global trends at play across the world, namely the diffusion of sustainability, the spread of urbanization, and the rise of ICT (Bibri, 2018). By operating technology and data-driven solutions wisely, smart cities can develop efficient, inclusive, and sustainable urban environments which influence QOL.
In conclusion, the definition and the concept of a smart city are based on ICT and the data-driven to improve the QOL of the resident. It also contains the aspect of economic, environmental, social, and governance in various ranges. As worldwide cities have been tackling urban challenges, the notion of smart cities offers a framework for utilizing technology and innovation to generate more effective, comprehensive, and sustainable urban habitats.
Cooking tutorial videos are becoming necessary when users use the cooking application to create a dish. There are various cooking media such as books and websites that introduce recipes however, it may be difficult for beginners to understand. However, recipe videos show the cooking process, making it easier for anyone to understand. This literature review aims to explore the impact of cooking tutorial videos on cooking skills development and user engagement.
The effect of recipes video on cooking skills development has been highlighted as a positive influence according to numerous experts. According to Surgenor et al. (2018), the visual step-by-step process allows viewers to observe cooking techniques, ingredient preparation, and recipe execution in real-time. Moreover, it has been stated that this visual guidance strengthens the users learning efficiency and understanding of cooking. From this ability, it can be able to improve cooking skills and confidence. Furthermore, such recipe video provides easy access to a varied range of recipes, accommodating diverse dietary preferences, and fostering creativity in the kitchen which also connects to cooking skills.
Next, the cooking tutorial video encourages user engagement more compared to books and website recipes. With the development of social media platforms, such as YouTube and Instagram, the culinary content creator attracts the audience through comments, questions, and feedback. Also, the creators can interact with their audience which engages the audience to watch cooking tutorial videos and let them cook by themselves (Kaesberg et al., 2021). This interaction promotes a community, which can share knowledge, and encourages the audience to continue learning. Moreover, introducing information such as storytelling, personal narrations, and charismatic presenters into cooking recipe videos increases audience engagement and encourages a deeper connection to the content (Shahbaznezhad et al., 2021).
In conclusion, cooking tutorial videos have transformed the gastronomic landscape by providing features such as accessible and engaging. Moreover, such videos have proven to help develop skills and drive user engagement. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to explore new avenues of culinary content. Creation and ensuring that accurate and reliable information is disseminated to enable individuals to join their culinary journey.
Surgenor, D., Hollywood, L., Furey, S., Lavelle, F., McGowan, L., Spence, M., Raats, M., McCloat, A., Mooney, E., Caraher, M., & Dean, M. (2017). The impact of video technology on Learning: A cooking skills experiment. Appetite, 114, 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.037
Kaesberg, Z., Schumacher, J., Bardwell, A., & Calvert, K. (2021). Effects of video technology on cooking self-efficacy of college students. Journal of American College Health, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1978462
Shahbaznezhad, H., Dolan, R., & Rashidirad, M. (2021). The role of social media content format and platform in users’ engagement behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53, 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.05.001